Tax Planning Using
Your Prior
Year
Just Completed Return
Imagine you had a camera that could take a snapshot of your financial
transactions over the course of a year. This snapshot would give you a
chance to see, in detail, all of the successes, as well as the flaws,
which were the results of financial decisions you made during the course
of a year. Seeing the results in such clear, unambiguous terms could help
you identify and fix things that are costing you money. This picture could
also help you make better financial decisions in the current year.
You may not realize it, but you already have the snapshot in hand. The
snapshot is the tax return you just filed for last year. With a little
analysis of last year's tax return and some comparison to prior year's tax
returns, you can learn some important lessons about your financial
well-being.
Look at the Picture
Review your tax return like you would reconcile your checkbook. Except,
instead of balancing your monthly budget in your check register, balance
your annual budget in your life's registry. You may already use your
checkbook to extrapolate one, three or five months into the future to
ensure that your income will cover the bills. Why not use your tax return
to extrapolate one, three or five years into the future to develop a plan
that will cover your life?
Investments
At some point in your efforts over the years to accumulate a savings
nest egg, you will need to consider diversification, the process of
putting your money in the right kind of investment vehicles to satisfy
your personal risk strategy and achieve your goals. Looking at your tax
return will help you decide whether the investments you now have are the
right ones for you. If you are in a high tax bracket and need to diversify
away from common stocks, for example, looking into tax-exempt bonds might
help, especially if you have state income taxes to worry about, too.
Reviewing the Schedule D covering Capital Gains and Losses from last
year's return and from the past three or four years can be an eye-opener
for many people. Did you hold stocks long enough to be entitled to the
long-term capital gains rate? Did you try to balance short-term gains with
short-term losses? Are you bouncing from one investment trend to another
without a long-term investment plan that achieves long-term needs? Are
your mutual funds "tax smart"? Become familiar with different
types of banking institutions and their products. Find out about CDs,
money-market funds, government securities, mutual funds, index funds, and
sector funds and how they interrelate with the determination of your tax
liability each year. You may want to put that knowledge to work in your
investment strategy.
Trying to implement this type of a five-year plan may seem difficult at
first. However, just by looking at your tax return you can start the
critical planning that can lead you to financial independence and a
comfortable retirement.
Borrowing patterns
A look at your interest deductions can also pinpoint ways for you to
let Uncle Sam in effect pay off some of your loans with tax deductions.
Should you have more home-equity interest rather than credit card debt?
Are you maximizing or overusing the advantages of borrowing on margin?
Consumer debt is a necessary way of life these days for many taxpayers,
but smart borrowing on an after-tax basis can help "tame that
tiger."
Medical costs
Should you be taking advantage of the medical expense deduction? Many
people assume that with the 7.5 percent adjusted gross income floor on
medical expenses that it doesn't pay for them to keep track of expenses to
test whether they are entitled to itemize. But with the premiums for
long-term care insurance now counted as a medical expense, some
individuals are discovering that along with other health insurance
premiums, deductibles and timing of elective treatments, the medical tax
deduction is theirs for the taking.
Retirement planning
Don't forget to protect for eventualities. Are you
maximizing
the amount that Uncle Sam allows you to save tax-free for retirement?
A look at your W-2 for the year, and at the retirement contribution
deductions allowed in determining adjusted gross income should tell you a
lot. Should your spouse set up his or her own retirement fund, too? Are
you over-invested in tax-deferred retirement plans and therefore facing a
large amount of tax each year after you retire?
Remember, too, that a defined amount of retirement income will only be
available for a definite amount of time after you retire. If you are
spending down your retirement savings that are making a five percent
return at ten percent per year, those savings will be exhausted in a
finite number of years. Do the analysis and try to save enough so that,
between Social Security and your savings, you can keep your annual
withdrawals to under five percent per year and still meet living expenses.
The Big Picture
Clients often ask their accountants, "How long should I keep my
tax returns?" It depends on how much of your own financial history
you want to see documented. The tax code requires retention of tax returns
for a minimum of three years but the more history you have of your
financial progress - or regress - over the years, the more information you
will have for your analysis for the future.
When you are reviewing last year's tax return and learning how you have
spent your money during the last year, it may help to review some of what
you've learned with the accountant that prepared the return. In fact,
taking this step is very important to enable you and your accountant to
better plan your financial future. When you are reviewing your tax return,
determine whether your accountant just filled in your 1040 or whether he
helped you make some progress with a solid financial plan. It is important
to find an accountant or other tax professional who will help you see the
big picture.
If you would like to review last year's completed tax return with
future planning in mind, please feel free to give us a call and set up a
time when we can meet an discuss this matter.
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